武汉气候特征及大棚蔬菜栽培制度探讨

大棚蔬菜生产在武汉城市菜篮子工程中的位置举足轻重,对武汉1951~2016年地面气象观测资料及2014~2015年冬季大棚小气候观测资料进行分析,结果表明:武汉1月平均气温为3.5℃,冬季46%的天数为阴天,40%为晴天,不利于大棚内温度升高,但在大棚设施环境条件下,武汉1月白昼温度晴天、阴天分别比棚外提高11.4℃和4.9℃,能满足半耐寒性蔬菜正常生长。武汉初春冷空气活动频繁,50%的年份稳定通过10℃的时间在3月下旬及之后,晴天少、阴雨天气多,大棚升温难,难以满足喜温蔬菜生产的温度条件;秋季秋高气爽,75%以上的年份入冬时间在11月16日之后,且晴天多、阴天少,对大棚升温有利,适合发展秋延大棚蔬菜生产。建议调整大棚蔬菜生产结构,减少春季喜温蔬菜比重,增加秋延茄果类蔬菜的种植。     

数字基因表达谱解析草菇子实体的生长发育

为筛选出与草菇子实体发育相关的转录因子,以不同发育时期的草菇子实体为试材,利用数字基因表达谱对不同发育时期的基因进行表达分析。结果表明:获得8个差异表达的Homeobox转录因子,其中5个在草菇原基期阶段上调表达,3个在伸长期阶段下调表达。这些差异表达的转录因子可能参与草菇子实体不同发育阶段的形态建成。     

虾肉中氯霉素sol-gel柱显色快速检测技术研究

试验旨在建立灵敏、快速、特异的氯霉素（CAP）检测方法,基于免疫亲和色谱技术和酶联免疫技术,研究了一种新型快速检测虾肉中CAP的免疫亲和色谱柱（ICTC）检测方法。采用溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）法制备ICTC柱的检测层和控制层,优化检测层、控制层、酶标物（CAP-HRP）稀释度等条件,制备ICTC柱。测定ICTC柱的灵敏度、特异性等性能参数,并对虾肉样本前处理方法和基质干扰效应进行优化。本研究确定ICTC柱条件为：检测层,anti-CAP sol-gel：空白sol-gel为10：1 000（V/V）;控制层,anti-HRP sol-gel：空白sol-gel为13：1 000（V/V）;CAP-HRP的稀释度为1：10⁵。采用检测层消色法判定结果,检测时间10 min,PBS缓冲液中CAP的检测限为0.5 μg/L,该方法与甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考、氟苯尼考胺同类药物或代谢产物均无可见交叉反应,在虾肉样本中的检测限为0.75 μg/kg。本研究建立的ICTC柱检测方法快速、灵敏,使用方便,为现场快速检测虾肉中CAP残留提供了新的技术手段。     

不同时间段柞蚕卵主要性状的差异

对辽蚕582、9906、抗大三个品种的不同产卵时段的柞蚕主要性状进行分析,得出第一昼夜卵具有更优良的经济性状,更有利于柞蚕良种繁育。秋季卵期调查中,三个柞蚕品种第一昼夜卵平均不受精卵数和平均卵重均优于第二昼夜卵。秋季放养调查中,三个品种第一昼夜卵平均发病率和产茧重量均优于第二昼夜卵。结果显示第一昼夜卵其主要性状均好于第二昼夜卵,因此选留第一昼夜卵放养,在柞蚕繁育过程中可达到抗病、抗逆及高产的要求。     

Effects of Yangxue-Jiedu decoction on imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like lesions in STAT3 transgenic mice

AIM: To observe the effects of Yangxue-Jiedu (YXJD) decoction on imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like lesions in STAT3 transgenic mice.METHODS: STAT3 transgenic mice (n=24) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (using purified water for oral administration), model group (topical 5% imiquimod 42 mg and using purified water for oral administration), YXJD groups (topical 5% imiquimod 42 mg and using YXJD decoction for oral administration), and methotrexate (MTX) group (1 mg/kg MTX solution for oral administration, with the same topical imiquimod as model group). On day 7, the skin lesions were collected for examination. The lesions were evaluated according to the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). The skin barrier function was evaluated by assessing oil and water components in the skin. The inflammation of psoriasis-like lesions was assessed by histological method. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and CD3 was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expression of IL-17A, IL-17C, IL-22 and RORγt was detected by real-time PCR. The levels of JAK/STAT3 pathway-related proteins in isolated T cells were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: Administration of YXJD decoction inhibited imiquimod-induced keratinocyte proliferation and infiltration of CD3⁺ T cells in psoriatic lesions, and ameliorated the epidermal barrier by up-regulation of the oil and water components in psoriatic lesions. Meanwhile, administration of YXJD decoction improved the systemic immune responses by reducing the weight of the spleen. The inflammatory cytokines IL-17A, IL-17C, IL-22 and RoRγt, and the levels of JAK/STAT3 pathway-related proteins STAT3, p-STAT3, JAK3 and p-JAK3 were decreased by administration of YXJD decoction.CONCLUSION: YXJD decoction likely alleviates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like lesions in the STAT3 transgenic mice by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3, and reducing the expression of IL-17A, IL-17C, IL-22 and RORγt.     

Effects of perindopril at different doses on cardiac function and ACE2/Ang-(1-9)/Ang-(1-7) axis of ischemic cardiac dysfunction rabbits

AIM: To investigate the different dose of perindopril on cardiac function in the rabbits with ischemic cardiac dysfunction. METHODS: Male rabbits weighing 2.5~3.0 kg(n=30) were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=10):high dose perindopril group(HD group), low dose perindopril group(LD group) and cardiac dysfunction group(CD group). The Left anterior descending coronary artery of the rabbits was ligatured for model preparation. In HD group, the rabbits were treated with perindopril split normal saline solution(1 g/L)2 mL·kg^-1·d^-1. In LD group, the rabbits were treated with perindopril split normal saline solution(0.33 g/L)2 mL·kg^-1·d^-1. In CD group, the rabbits were treated with normal saline solution 2 mL·kg^-1·d^-1. Four weeks after treatment, the cardiac function was measured via echocardiography, the mRNA expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2) and angiotensin type 2 receptor(AT2R) was analyzed by real-time PCR, serum angiotensin(Ang)-(1-9) and Ang-(1-7) levels were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with CD group, the cardiac function of the 2 groups treated with perindopril was significantly improved(P<0.01), and more improvement in HD group was observed than LD group(P<0.05). The serum angiotensin(Ang)-(1-9) and Ang-(1-7) level and the mRNA expression of ACE2 and AT2R in the 2 groups treated with perindopril were significantly improved(P<0.01). Compared with LD group, the mRNA expression of ACE2 and AT2R and the serum levels of Ang-(1-9) in HD group were significant improved(P<0.05), while no difference of serum Ang-(1-7) level was observed. Correlation analysis revealed that the improvement of the cardiac function was associated with serum Ang-(1-9) level, mRNA expression of ACE2 and AT2R(P<0.01), but has no significant correlation with serum Ang-(1-7) level. CONCLUSION: High dose of perindopril may improve more cardiac function in ischemic cardiac dysfunction model in rabbits. The mechanism may relate to increasing serum Ang-(1-7) level to activate AT2R.     

乌拉尔甘草组培再生体系的研究

甘草是兼具生态和经济双重价值的重要植物资源,人工培育以野生变家种为主,尚未开展系统的育种工作。本研究以内蒙古杭锦旗的野生乌拉尔甘草为材料,研究了外植体、基本培养基、NAA、TDZ和蔗糖对丛生芽诱导的影响以及微繁体系的建立。结果表明,适合甘草丛生芽诱导的外植体为生长4~7 d的无菌苗子叶节,培养基为MS TDZ 0.1 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L 蔗糖20~30 g/L;将带1叶的茎段在改良MS NAA 0.1 mg/L 6-BA1.0~2.0 mg/L的培养基中培养,其增殖倍数可稳定达到25倍;在1/2MS 核黄素2.0 mg/L中生根,炼苗3 d移栽到蛭石中,成活率达96%以上。1个带腋芽茎段培养3个月可获得13 906棵生根试管苗,成活13 350株,繁殖效率高达85%。     

鲜切花瓶插保鲜液的改良研究

在对切花保鲜具有重要生理作用且低毒或无毒的切花保鲜剂药品筛选基础上,采用二次回归旋转组合设计方案,对唐菖蒲、非洲菊、康乃馨、玫瑰切花进行了配方试验,并应用回归方程预测的优化配方进行了验证性试验.结果表明:此配方能够有效延长切花瓶插寿命,并具备低毒、环保等特点,与市场上同类产品相比,成本低廉,具有一定的市场潜力与推广前景.     

断裂错动与水作用下的地层位移及应力变化

[目的]在断裂活动和地下水位变化条件下,对地裂缝上下盘地层的沉降位移与应力变化进行分析,为深入研究地裂缝的形成机理提供参考。[方法]以北京市高丽营地区地裂缝为研究背景原型,基于其活动特征,分析了该地裂缝的发育与断裂构造及地下水水位变化之间的关系,并运用数值模拟方法分别研究了两种诱因作用下模型地层的沉降位移及土体内部应力的变化规律。[结果]断裂错动作用下,地裂缝上盘土层的沉降变形响应程度大于下盘,地表竖向位移变化曲线近似呈反"S"形态,且上盘应力降低区的范围大于下盘应力增强区的范围;地层沉降量随地下水位的下降而不断增加,其土体应力变化曲线呈"中心对称"。[结论]断裂两侧附近的土体沉降位移和应力变化的差异较明显,且差异沉降与水位降深呈正相关,地下水位下降易诱发地裂缝的影响范围是上盘45m和下盘35m,研究成果可为地裂缝灾害地区的防灾减灾提供科学的理论依据。     

畜禽粪便与秸秆混合发酵及贮藏阶段沼液中碳氮元素变化

为研究沼液从产生到贮藏期间碳氮元素的变化规律,将猪粪、鸡粪和秸秆混合,进行中温厌氧发酵,并在常温下以密闭静置、密闭搅拌、敞口静置、敞口搅拌等4种方式贮藏沼液,跟踪并分析了猪、鸡粪和秸秆混合发酵沼液在厌氧发酵及贮藏期间碳、氮元素的形态和含量变化。结果表明:厌氧发酵阶段,沼液中的总有机碳(TOC)和总氮(TN)浓度均有所增加,增加幅度在15.0%~36.1%之间,其中TOC在第18 d达到最高浓度(6467 mg·L~(-1)),TN在第23 d达到最高浓度(4181 mg·L~(-1))。贮藏阶段,沼液中的TOC、TN浓度均有所降低,TOC先下降后升高,总体降低幅度较小(2.9%~12.0%),降幅顺序为敞口静置敞口搅拌密闭静置密闭搅拌;TN先升高后降低,总体降低幅度较大(4.2%~56.2%),降幅顺序为密闭静置密闭搅拌敞口静置敞口搅拌。综上,厌氧发酵18~23 d的沼液碳氮元素含量最高,采用密闭静置方式并缩短贮藏时间可减少沼液贮藏过程氮元素的损失。